Hussein Awad Ali*   In the first part of this article, I discussed the inadequacy of the international community’s response so far to the war of aggression by the RSF militia and its external sponsors against the Sudanese people and state (The Janjaweed Rebranded: Why the International Community’s  Calls to RSF Fall on Deaf Ears?). Below, I argue that international law provides a firm foundation for peaceful resolution of the Sudan crisis.   A state’s right to defend itself and its citizens is a core principle established in international law and the United Nations Charter. This right is not a mere privilege but a duty that states must exercise to safeguard their sovereignty and the well-being of their people. However, as global conflicts evolve, we must focus on the grave atrocities committed by non-state actors, such as terrorist groups, criminal organizations, and militias. The Rapid Support Forces (RSF), formerly known as the Janjaweed in Sudan, embody all three of these categories. Unfortunately, institutions tasked with upholding international law often inadvertently undermine state sovereignty, which is the bedrock of the international order. This happens when non-state actors are given the same legitimacy as sovereign states and their institutions. Moreover, justice, human …

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